hidden figures movie watching notes guide answer key
Hidden Figures Movie Watching Notes Guide: An In-Depth Plan
This guide facilitates a deeper understanding of “Hidden Figures,” exploring its historical accuracy, character arcs, and thematic resonance through focused questions.
It aids in analyzing the film’s portrayal of segregation, perseverance, and the vital contributions of brilliant African-American women at NASA.
Utilizing provided resources, students can critically assess the movie’s impact and the legacy of these remarkable “human computers.”
Hidden Figures, released in 2016, is a biographical drama that brings to light the previously untold story of Katherine Johnson, Dorothy Vaughan, and Mary Jackson – brilliant African-American women who played a crucial role at NASA during the Space Race. The film isn’t merely a recounting of historical events; it’s a powerful exploration of resilience, intellectual prowess, and the fight against systemic discrimination.
Before watching, consider the context: these women worked as “human computers” at a time when segregation was deeply entrenched in American society. Their mathematical calculations were essential to the success of Project Mercury and the early years of the US space program. The movie skillfully balances celebrating their achievements with acknowledging the significant obstacles they faced due to both their gender and race.
This guide will help you navigate the film’s complexities, prompting you to analyze the characters’ motivations, the historical accuracy of the portrayal, and the broader themes of equality and opportunity. Prepare to be inspired by their unwavering determination and groundbreaking contributions.
II. Historical Context: The Space Race
The Space Race, a 20th-century competition between the United States and the Soviet Union, dramatically shaped the era in which Hidden Figures unfolds. Initiated by the Soviet Union’s launch of Sputnik in 1957, it spurred intense investment in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) within the US. This period demanded rapid advancements in rocketry, aeronautics, and computing – creating a critical need for skilled professionals, including mathematicians.
NASA, established in 1958, became the focal point of this national effort. The urgency of the Space Race meant that calculations needed to be performed quickly and accurately. This is where the “human computers,” like Katherine Johnson and her colleagues, became indispensable. Understanding this context is vital; the pressure to succeed in space exploration directly influenced the opportunities – and challenges – faced by these women at NASA.
Consider how the Cold War anxieties fueled the demand for scientific innovation and how this demand inadvertently opened doors, albeit limited ones, for marginalized groups.
III. The Segregation Era & Its Impact
The film Hidden Figures is powerfully set against the backdrop of the Jim Crow South, a period defined by systemic racial segregation and discrimination. This era imposed strict laws and social customs that relegated African Americans to second-class citizenship, impacting every facet of their lives – from education and employment to housing and public facilities.
At NASA, this manifested in segregated facilities, separate restrooms, and limited opportunities for advancement. The “West Area Computing” unit, where the women in the film worked, was initially segregated, highlighting the pervasive nature of racial bias. Understanding these constraints is crucial to appreciating the obstacles Katherine Johnson, Dorothy Vaughan, and Mary Jackson overcame.
Consider how segregation not only limited their professional lives but also their daily experiences, and how their perseverance challenged these deeply ingrained societal norms.
IV. Key Characters: A Detailed Overview
Hidden Figures centers around three extraordinary women whose contributions were historically overlooked. Katherine Johnson, a mathematical genius, played a pivotal role in calculating trajectories for Project Mercury and the Apollo missions. Her analytical skills were essential to the success of these endeavors.
Dorothy Vaughan, a pioneering programmer, recognized the potential of IBM computers and proactively taught herself and her colleagues FORTRAN, ensuring their continued relevance in a changing technological landscape. She became NASA’s first African-American supervisor.
Mary Jackson bravely pursued her dream of becoming a NASA engineer, overcoming legal and societal barriers to earn the necessary qualifications. Her determination paved the way for future generations of African-American women in STEM fields.
Understanding their individual strengths and challenges is key to appreciating the film’s narrative.
A. Katherine Johnson: Mathematical Genius
Katherine Johnson’s exceptional mathematical abilities were crucial to the early space program. From a young age, she demonstrated a remarkable aptitude for numbers, quickly progressing through school levels. At NASA, she performed complex calculations, initially verifying the work of male engineers, but soon becoming indispensable.
Her work on Project Mercury involved calculating the trajectory for Alan Shepard’s historic flight, and she later verified the calculations for John Glenn’s orbital mission. Glenn famously requested she personally re-check the IBM computer’s calculations, demonstrating his trust in her expertise.
Johnson’s precision and analytical skills were vital to overcoming challenges in space travel. She embodied perseverance and intellectual brilliance, breaking barriers in a segregated environment.
B. Dorothy Vaughan: Pioneering Programmer
Dorothy Vaughan was a remarkable leader and a visionary who recognized the changing landscape of NASA. As the supervisor of the West Area Computing Unit – comprised entirely of African-American women – she championed their skills and advocated for their advancement.
Foreshadowing the rise of computer technology, Vaughan proactively learned FORTRAN programming, becoming NASA’s first African-American programmer. She then taught this skill to her colleagues, ensuring their continued relevance and securing their positions as IBM machines were introduced.
Her foresight and dedication were instrumental in transitioning the West Area computers into a valuable programming team. Vaughan’s leadership and adaptability were crucial in navigating a period of significant technological and social change.
C. Mary Jackson: First African American Female Engineer
Mary Jackson shattered barriers as NASA’s first African-American female engineer. Driven by an unwavering ambition, she faced significant obstacles in pursuing her engineering aspirations due to segregation and limited educational opportunities.
Despite these challenges, Jackson petitioned the city of Hampton to allow her to attend night classes at the then-segregated Hampton High School, a crucial step towards obtaining the necessary qualifications. She ultimately earned her engineering degree, demonstrating exceptional determination and resilience.
Jackson’s work focused on analyzing data from wind tunnel experiments, contributing significantly to NASA’s understanding of aircraft performance. Her success paved the way for future generations of African-American women in STEM fields, embodying a powerful legacy of breaking boundaries.
V. NASA & The West Area Computing Unit
NASA, established in 1958, required a massive workforce to achieve its ambitious goals during the Space Race. Crucially, the agency relied heavily on “human computers” – skilled mathematicians, many of whom were African-American women – to perform complex calculations before the advent of electronic computers.
The West Area Computing Unit at Langley Research Center was initially segregated, housing these talented women. Despite facing discrimination, they were essential to numerous NASA projects, including early aeronautical research and, later, the Mercury and Apollo programs.
These women meticulously checked the work of their male counterparts, often identifying and correcting errors. Their contributions were initially overlooked, but their precision and dedication were vital to NASA’s success, demonstrating their indispensable role in space exploration.
VI. Overcoming Obstacles: Discrimination & Prejudice
The women of West Area faced systemic discrimination rooted in both racial segregation and gender bias. They endured separate restrooms and dining facilities, highlighting the pervasive inequalities of the era. Access to training and advancement opportunities were severely limited, hindering their professional growth.
Despite these barriers, Katherine Johnson, Dorothy Vaughan, and Mary Jackson demonstrated remarkable resilience. They challenged the status quo through their exceptional work, consistently proving their intellectual capabilities and dedication to NASA’s mission.
Their perseverance wasn’t simply about individual achievement; it was a fight for recognition and equal treatment, paving the way for future generations of African-American women in STEM fields. The film powerfully illustrates the daily indignities and the quiet courage required to overcome them.
VII. Katherine Johnson’s Contributions to Project Mercury
Katherine Johnson’s analytical geometry skills were crucial to Project Mercury, specifically verifying the calculations of the electronic computing machines. Before John Glenn’s orbital flight, he famously requested “the girl” – Katherine – to personally re-check the IBM’s trajectory calculations.
This request underscored her reputation for accuracy and reliability. Her hand-calculated trajectory analysis provided a vital independent verification, instilling confidence in the mission’s success. Johnson’s work extended beyond this single flight; she contributed to all six of the Mercury missions.
Her mathematical prowess wasn’t limited to trajectory calculations. She also worked on defining the launch windows and backup flight paths, demonstrating a comprehensive understanding of orbital mechanics. Johnson’s contributions were foundational to America’s early space exploration efforts;
VIII. Dorothy Vaughan’s Transition to IBM Programming
Recognizing the inevitable shift towards machine computation, Dorothy Vaughan proactively learned FORTRAN programming, a crucial skill for the future of NASA’s calculations. She understood the IBM computers would eventually replace many human computers, and she prepared herself and her team for this change.
Vaughan became NASA’s first African-American supervisor, and she strategically taught her “West Area Computing” colleagues FORTRAN, ensuring their continued relevance and employment. This foresight allowed her team to transition from manual calculations to programming the IBM 7090.
Her leadership and adaptability were instrumental in preserving the contributions of Black women at NASA during a period of significant technological and social upheaval. Vaughan’s transition wasn’t merely about learning a new skill; it was about securing a future for her team.
IX. Mary Jackson’s Fight for Educational Opportunities
Mary Jackson faced significant obstacles in pursuing her engineering education due to the segregation laws of the time. The courses she needed to become a NASA engineer were held at the all-white Hampton High School, requiring her to petition the court for permission to attend.
This legal battle highlighted the systemic barriers preventing African Americans from accessing equal educational opportunities. Jackson’s determination to overcome these hurdles demonstrates her unwavering commitment to her career aspirations and her refusal to accept limitations based on race.
Ultimately, she was granted permission to take the necessary classes, becoming NASA’s first Black female engineer. Her success paved the way for future generations of African American women in STEM fields, showcasing the power of perseverance and legal advocacy.
X. The Significance of the Friendship Between the Women
The bond between Katherine Johnson, Dorothy Vaughan, and Mary Jackson was crucial for navigating the challenges they faced at NASA and within a segregated society. Their friendship provided a vital support system, offering encouragement, collaboration, and a shared understanding of their experiences.
They relied on each other to overcome professional obstacles, share knowledge, and advocate for equal treatment. This camaraderie allowed them to challenge the status quo and push boundaries, achieving remarkable success despite facing discrimination and prejudice.
Their collective strength demonstrates the power of female solidarity and the importance of community in achieving personal and professional goals. The film highlights how their friendship wasn’t just emotional support, but a strategic alliance for progress.
XI. Accuracy vs. Dramatic License in the Film
“Hidden Figures” masterfully blends historical fact with dramatic license to create a compelling narrative. While the core stories of Katherine Johnson, Dorothy Vaughan, and Mary Jackson are rooted in reality, certain events were compressed or altered for cinematic effect.
For instance, the film portrays a more direct confrontation between Katherine and her supervisor than historical accounts suggest. Similarly, Dorothy Vaughan’s swift transition to IBM programming was expedited in the movie. These changes enhance the dramatic tension and accessibility of the story.
However, the film accurately depicts the systemic racism and sexism faced by these women, and their groundbreaking contributions to NASA’s success. Recognizing these artistic liberties allows viewers to appreciate the film as both entertainment and a tribute to remarkable individuals.
XII. The Role of Pharrell Williams’ Soundtrack
Pharrell Williams’ soundtrack for “Hidden Figures” is integral to the film’s emotional resonance and thematic depth. It skillfully blends 1960s Motown, soul, and funk influences, mirroring the era’s vibrant musical landscape and the African-American experience.
The music isn’t merely background ambiance; it actively underscores the women’s struggles, triumphs, and unwavering determination. Tracks like “Runnin’” and “I See a Future” amplify the sense of hope and progress amidst adversity.
Williams’ involvement extended beyond composing; he served as a producer, ensuring the soundtrack authentically reflected the period and the characters’ inner lives. The music elevates key scenes, enhancing the film’s overall impact and contributing to its celebration of resilience and achievement.
XIII. Themes Explored in Hidden Figures
“Hidden Figures” powerfully explores several interconnected themes central to the American experience. Paramount among these is perseverance, demonstrated by Katherine, Dorothy, and Mary’s relentless pursuit of their professional goals despite systemic discrimination.
The film also highlights the theme of breaking barriers and challenging societal norms. These women defied expectations and racial segregation to contribute significantly to NASA’s success. Collaboration emerges as another key theme, showcasing how their combined intellect and mutual support enabled them to overcome obstacles.
Furthermore, the narrative examines the complexities of identity, ambition, and the pursuit of the American Dream within a racially charged historical context. The film’s enduring message champions equality and the recognition of often-overlooked contributions.
A. Perseverance & Determination
The unwavering perseverance of Katherine Johnson, Dorothy Vaughan, and Mary Jackson forms the emotional core of “Hidden Figures.” Despite facing constant racial and gender-based discrimination, they relentlessly pursued their ambitions at NASA.
Katherine’s determination to have her calculations acknowledged, Dorothy’s proactive learning of FORTRAN programming, and Mary’s fight for educational opportunities exemplify this theme. Their commitment wasn’t simply about personal advancement; it was about proving their capabilities in a prejudiced environment.
The film showcases their resilience in navigating segregated facilities, overcoming professional roadblocks, and consistently exceeding expectations. This theme resonates deeply, inspiring viewers to confront challenges with similar fortitude and unwavering belief in their potential.
B. Breaking Barriers & Challenging Norms
“Hidden Figures” powerfully illustrates the dismantling of societal barriers through the achievements of its protagonists. Katherine, Dorothy, and Mary directly challenged the deeply ingrained norms of 1960s America, specifically regarding race and gender in STEM fields.
Their presence at NASA, a predominantly white, male institution, was itself a revolutionary act. Mary Jackson’s pursuit of engineering coursework, requiring court permission, highlights the systemic obstacles they faced. Dorothy Vaughan’s self-teaching and leadership in the face of automation threatened the status quo.
The film demonstrates how their success wasn’t merely about individual triumph, but about paving the way for future generations of women and minorities in science and technology, fundamentally reshaping perceptions and opportunities.
C. The Power of Collaboration
“Hidden Figures” underscores the critical role of collaboration in achieving monumental goals, particularly within the high-stakes environment of the Space Race. The women’s success wasn’t solely based on individual brilliance, but on their ability to support and learn from one another.
Katherine Johnson’s reliance on Dorothy Vaughan’s programming skills and Mary Jackson’s engineering insights exemplifies this synergy. Their collective expertise proved invaluable to NASA’s mission, demonstrating that diverse perspectives enhance problem-solving capabilities.
The film highlights how breaking down silos and fostering a collaborative spirit—even amidst personal challenges—was essential for overcoming obstacles and achieving breakthroughs. This collaborative dynamic extended beyond their immediate team, influencing the broader NASA community.
XIV. Reception & Awards of the Movie
“Hidden Figures” garnered widespread critical acclaim upon its release in 2016, resonating deeply with audiences and critics alike. The film was praised for its inspiring story, compelling performances, and its shedding light on a previously untold chapter of American history.
The movie received numerous awards and nominations, including a nomination for Best Picture at the 89th Academy Awards. It also earned nominations for Best Supporting Actress (Octavia Spencer, who won) and Best Adapted Screenplay.
Beyond the Oscars, “Hidden Figures” received recognition from various organizations, including the Screen Actors Guild, the Golden Globes, and numerous film critics associations. Its commercial success further solidified its impact, demonstrating a broad public appetite for stories celebrating diversity and achievement.
XV. Impact of the Film on Public Awareness
“Hidden Figures” significantly increased public awareness of the crucial contributions made by African-American women to NASA’s early space programs. Prior to the film, the stories of Katherine Johnson, Dorothy Vaughan, and Mary Jackson were largely unknown to the general public.
The movie sparked renewed interest in STEM fields among young people, particularly young women of color, inspiring them to pursue careers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Educational institutions incorporated the film into curricula, fostering discussions about race, gender, and the importance of inclusivity.
Furthermore, “Hidden Figures” prompted a reevaluation of historical narratives, highlighting the systemic barriers faced by marginalized groups and celebrating their resilience. It served as a catalyst for recognizing and honoring the often-overlooked achievements of countless individuals.
XVI. Hidden Figures: Beyond the Movie ⎯ The Book
Margot Lee Shetterly’s “Hidden Figures: The American Dream and the Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space Race” provides a far more comprehensive account than the film adaptation. The book delves deeper into the lives and careers of Katherine Johnson, Dorothy Vaughan, and Mary Jackson, offering nuanced details about their challenges and triumphs.
Shetterly’s research, based on extensive interviews and archival materials, reveals the broader context of the West Area Computing Unit and the contributions of numerous other Black women mathematicians at NASA. It explores the societal and political climate of the Jim Crow South, illustrating the pervasive discrimination they faced.
The book offers a richer understanding of the technical complexities of their work and the vital role they played in pivotal moments of the Space Race, expanding upon the narrative presented in the movie.
XVII. Modern Figures: Continuing the Legacy at NASA
NASA actively promotes diversity and inclusion, building upon the foundation laid by the “Hidden Figures.” Today, numerous programs encourage participation from underrepresented groups in STEM fields, mirroring the spirit of Katherine Johnson, Dorothy Vaughan, and Mary Jackson. Initiatives like the Minority Serving Institution STEM Engagement Award demonstrate a commitment to fostering a more inclusive workforce.
Current NASA employees, inspired by these pioneers, are pushing boundaries in areas like astrophysics, planetary science, and human space exploration. The agency recognizes the importance of diverse perspectives in driving innovation and achieving ambitious goals.
Ongoing efforts focus on mentorship, scholarships, and outreach programs to cultivate the next generation of scientists, engineers, and mathematicians, ensuring the legacy of the “Hidden Figures” endures.
XVIII. Frequently Asked Questions About the Movie
Is “Hidden Figures” historically accurate? While dramatized for cinematic effect, the film’s core narrative reflects the true contributions of these women. Did Katherine Johnson actually verify calculations for John Glenn’s orbit? Yes, her crucial work significantly contributed to the mission’s success. What happened to Dorothy Vaughan after the IBM installation? She became NASA’s first African-American supervisor, leading a team of programmers.
Was Mary Jackson truly the first African-American female engineer at NASA? Yes, overcoming significant obstacles, she achieved this milestone. How did the film impact public awareness? It brought the stories of these remarkable women to a wider audience, inspiring a new generation.
Where can I learn more about their lives? The book “Hidden Figures” provides a more detailed account, alongside NASA’s official website.
XIX. Resources for Further Learning
Books: Margot Lee Shetterly’s “Hidden Figures: The American Dream and the Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space Race” offers an in-depth exploration. Websites: NASA’s official website (https://www.nasa.gov/) features dedicated sections on the women of NASA and their contributions. Explore the West Area Computing Unit’s history.
Documentaries: Search for documentaries focusing on the Space Race and the role of women in STEM fields. Educational Articles: Numerous articles detail the challenges faced by African-American women in the mid-20th century. Online Calculators: Explore online resources for understanding mathematical concepts used by Katherine Johnson, like prime numbers and orbital mechanics.
Further Research: Investigate the history of segregation and its impact on educational opportunities for minorities.
Dive deeper into the inspiring story of ‘Hidden Figures’ with our comprehensive notes & answer key! Perfect for students & movie buffs – explore themes, characters & history.